(function (root, factory) {
    if (typeof exports === 'object') {
        module.exports = factory();
    } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
        define([], factory);
    } else {
        root.urltemplate = factory();
    }
}(this, function () {
  /**
   * @constructor
   */
  function UrlTemplate() {
  }

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {string} str
   * @return {string}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.encodeReserved = function (str) {
    return str.split(/(%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/g).map(function (part) {
      if (!/%[0-9A-Fa-f]/.test(part)) {
        part = encodeURI(part).replace(/%5B/g, '[').replace(/%5D/g, ']');
      }
      return part;
    }).join('');
  };

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {string} str
   * @return {string}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.encodeUnreserved = function (str) {
    return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()*]/g, function (c) {
      return '%' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase();
    });
  }

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {string} operator
   * @param {string} value
   * @param {string} key
   * @return {string}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.encodeValue = function (operator, value, key) {
    value = (operator === '+' || operator === '#') ? this.encodeReserved(value) : this.encodeUnreserved(value);

    if (key) {
      return this.encodeUnreserved(key) + '=' + value;
    } else {
      return value;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {*} value
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.isDefined = function (value) {
    return value !== undefined && value !== null;
  };

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {string}
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.isKeyOperator = function (operator) {
    return operator === ';' || operator === '&' || operator === '?';
  };

  /**
   * @private
   * @param {Object} context
   * @param {string} operator
   * @param {string} key
   * @param {string} modifier
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.getValues = function (context, operator, key, modifier) {
    var value = context[key],
        result = [];

    if (this.isDefined(value) && value !== '') {
      if (typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') {
        value = value.toString();

        if (modifier && modifier !== '*') {
          value = value.substring(0, parseInt(modifier, 10));
        }

        result.push(this.encodeValue(operator, value, this.isKeyOperator(operator) ? key : null));
      } else {
        if (modifier === '*') {
          if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            value.filter(this.isDefined).forEach(function (value) {
              result.push(this.encodeValue(operator, value, this.isKeyOperator(operator) ? key : null));
            }, this);
          } else {
            Object.keys(value).forEach(function (k) {
              if (this.isDefined(value[k])) {
                result.push(this.encodeValue(operator, value[k], k));
              }
            }, this);
          }
        } else {
          var tmp = [];

          if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            value.filter(this.isDefined).forEach(function (value) {
              tmp.push(this.encodeValue(operator, value));
            }, this);
          } else {
            Object.keys(value).forEach(function (k) {
              if (this.isDefined(value[k])) {
                tmp.push(this.encodeUnreserved(k));
                tmp.push(this.encodeValue(operator, value[k].toString()));
              }
            }, this);
          }

          if (this.isKeyOperator(operator)) {
            result.push(this.encodeUnreserved(key) + '=' + tmp.join(','));
          } else if (tmp.length !== 0) {
            result.push(tmp.join(','));
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (operator === ';') {
        if (this.isDefined(value)) {
          result.push(this.encodeUnreserved(key));
        }
      } else if (value === '' && (operator === '&' || operator === '?')) {
        result.push(this.encodeUnreserved(key) + '=');
      } else if (value === '') {
        result.push('');
      }
    }
    return result;
  };

  /**
   * @param {string} template
   * @return {function(Object):string}
   */
  UrlTemplate.prototype.parse = function (template) {
    var that = this;
    var operators = ['+', '#', '.', '/', ';', '?', '&'];

    return {
      expand: function (context) {
        return template.replace(/\{([^\{\}]+)\}|([^\{\}]+)/g, function (_, expression, literal) {
          if (expression) {
            var operator = null,
                values = [];

            if (operators.indexOf(expression.charAt(0)) !== -1) {
              operator = expression.charAt(0);
              expression = expression.substr(1);
            }

            expression.split(/,/g).forEach(function (variable) {
              var tmp = /([^:\*]*)(?::(\d+)|(\*))?/.exec(variable);
              values.push.apply(values, that.getValues(context, operator, tmp[1], tmp[2] || tmp[3]));
            });

            if (operator && operator !== '+') {
              var separator = ',';

              if (operator === '?') {
                separator = '&';
              } else if (operator !== '#') {
                separator = operator;
              }
              return (values.length !== 0 ? operator : '') + values.join(separator);
            } else {
              return values.join(',');
            }
          } else {
            return that.encodeReserved(literal);
          }
        });
      }
    };
  };

  return new UrlTemplate();
}));